init

.gitignore

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+.DS_Store
+
+# ---> Python
+# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
+__pycache__/
+*.py[cod]
+*$py.class
+
+# C extensions
+*.so
+
+# Distribution / packaging
+.Python
+build/
+develop-eggs/
+dist/
+downloads/
+eggs/
+.eggs/
+lib/
+lib64/
+parts/
+sdist/
+var/
+wheels/
+share/python-wheels/
+*.egg-info/
+.installed.cfg
+*.egg
+MANIFEST
+
+# PyInstaller
+#  Usually these files are written by a python script from a template
+#  before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it.
+*.manifest
+*.spec
+
+# Installer logs
+pip-log.txt
+pip-delete-this-directory.txt
+
+# Unit test / coverage reports
+htmlcov/
+.tox/
+.nox/
+.coverage
+.coverage.*
+.cache
+nosetests.xml
+coverage.xml
+*.cover
+*.py,cover
+.hypothesis/
+.pytest_cache/
+cover/
+
+# Translations
+*.mo
+*.pot
+
+# Django stuff:
+*.log
+local_settings.py
+db.sqlite3
+db.sqlite3-journal
+
+# Flask stuff:
+instance/
+.webassets-cache
+
+# Scrapy stuff:
+.scrapy
+
+# Sphinx documentation
+docs/_build/
+
+# PyBuilder
+.pybuilder/
+target/
+
+# Jupyter Notebook
+.ipynb_checkpoints
+
+# IPython
+profile_default/
+ipython_config.py
+
+# pyenv
+#   For a library or package, you might want to ignore these files since the code is
+#   intended to run in multiple environments; otherwise, check them in:
+# .python-version
+
+# pipenv
+#   According to pypa/pipenv#598, it is recommended to include Pipfile.lock in version control.
+#   However, in case of collaboration, if having platform-specific dependencies or dependencies
+#   having no cross-platform support, pipenv may install dependencies that don't work, or not
+#   install all needed dependencies.
+#Pipfile.lock
+
+# UV
+#   Similar to Pipfile.lock, it is generally recommended to include uv.lock in version control.
+#   This is especially recommended for binary packages to ensure reproducibility, and is more
+#   commonly ignored for libraries.
+#uv.lock
+
+# poetry
+#   Similar to Pipfile.lock, it is generally recommended to include poetry.lock in version control.
+#   This is especially recommended for binary packages to ensure reproducibility, and is more
+#   commonly ignored for libraries.
+#   https://python-poetry.org/docs/basic-usage/#commit-your-poetrylock-file-to-version-control
+#poetry.lock
+
+# pdm
+#   Similar to Pipfile.lock, it is generally recommended to include pdm.lock in version control.
+#pdm.lock
+#   pdm stores project-wide configurations in .pdm.toml, but it is recommended to not include it
+#   in version control.
+#   https://pdm.fming.dev/latest/usage/project/#working-with-version-control
+.pdm.toml
+.pdm-python
+.pdm-build/
+
+# PEP 582; used by e.g. github.com/David-OConnor/pyflow and github.com/pdm-project/pdm
+__pypackages__/
+
+# Celery stuff
+celerybeat-schedule
+celerybeat.pid
+
+# SageMath parsed files
+*.sage.py
+
+# Environments
+.env
+.venv
+env/
+venv/
+ENV/
+env.bak/
+venv.bak/
+
+# Spyder project settings
+.spyderproject
+.spyproject
+
+# Rope project settings
+.ropeproject
+
+# mkdocs documentation
+/site
+
+# mypy
+.mypy_cache/
+.dmypy.json
+dmypy.json
+
+# Pyre type checker
+.pyre/
+
+# pytype static type analyzer
+.pytype/
+
+# Cython debug symbols
+cython_debug/
+
+# PyCharm
+#  JetBrains specific template is maintained in a separate JetBrains.gitignore that can
+#  be found at https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/main/Global/JetBrains.gitignore
+#  and can be added to the global gitignore or merged into this file.  For a more nuclear
+#  option (not recommended) you can uncomment the following to ignore the entire idea folder.
+#.idea/
+
+# Ruff stuff:
+.ruff_cache/
+
+# PyPI configuration file
+.pypirc
+

LICENSE

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+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2025 WMT-dla-innych
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and 
+associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including 
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell 
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the 
+following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial 
+portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT 
+LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO 
+EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER 
+IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE 
+USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

README.md

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+# Przykładowa aplikacja CRUD FLASK
+
+Flask to lekki framework webowy dla języka Python, zaliczany do kategorii mikro-frameworków. Oznacza to, że dostarcza jedynie podstawowej infrastruktury do budowy aplikacji internetowych, pozwalając jednocześnie na elastyczne poszerzanie funkcjonalności za pomocą zewnętrznych bibliotek.
+
+Prosty przykład aplikacji CRUD zaprogramowany przy pomocy Flash i SQLAlchemy.
+
+## Dlaczego ORM?
+
+- Operujesz na obiektach (Contact) zamiast pisać SQL i ręcznie mapować kolumny.
+- Lepsza czytelność i mniejsza szansa na błędy typu literówki w zapytaniach.
+- Później łatwo dołożyć migracje (Alembic), relacje 1‑N itd.
+
+
+## Wirtualny katalog projektu
+
+```
+W terminalu Visual Studio Code:
+
+python -m venv .venv
+source .venv/bin/activate # Windows: .venv\Scripts\activate
+pip install -r requirements.txt
+```
+
+Zawartość requiremens.txt
+
+```
+Flask>=3.0
+SQLAlchemy>=2.0
+Flask-SQLAlchemy>=3.1
+```
+
+## Uruchomienie
+
+python app.py
+
+lub
+
+python3 app.py
+
+## CRUD_flask_example struktura projektu
+
+```
+├─ app.py
+├─ requirements.txt
+├─ database.db
+├─ templates/
+│ ├─ base.html
+│ ├─ index.html
+│ └─ form.html
+└─ static/
+└─ style.css
+```
+

app.py

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+from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect, url_for
+from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
+from sqlalchemy import select
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column   
+from typing import Optional                        
+from pathlib import Path
+
+app = Flask(__name__)
+app.config.update(
+    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI='sqlite:///' + str(Path(__file__).with_name('database.db')),
+    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS=False,
+)
+
+db = SQLAlchemy(app)
+
+class Contact(db.Model):
+    __tablename__ = 'contacts'
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(db.String(255), nullable=False)
+    email: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(db.String(255), nullable=True)
+    phone: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(db.String(50), nullable=True)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Contact id={self.id} name={self.name!r}>"
+
+# tworzymy tabelę przy starcie (w projekcie produkcyjnym użyj migracji)
+with app.app_context():
+    db.create_all()
+
+@app.get('/')
+def index():
+    rows = db.session.execute(select(Contact).order_by(Contact.id.desc())).scalars().all()
+    return render_template('index.html', contacts=rows)
+
+@app.get('/new')
+def new():
+    return render_template('form.html', contact=None)
+
+@app.post('/create')
+def create():
+    name = (request.form.get('name') or '').strip()
+    email = (request.form.get('email') or '').strip()
+    phone = (request.form.get('phone') or '').strip()
+    if not name:
+        return render_template('form.html', contact={'name': name, 'email': email, 'phone': phone}, error='Imię i nazwisko jest wymagane.')
+    c = Contact(name=name, email=email or None, phone=phone or None)
+    db.session.add(c)
+    db.session.commit()
+    return redirect(url_for('index'), code=303)
+
+@app.get('/edit/<int:cid>')
+def edit(cid: int):
+    row = db.session.get(Contact, cid)
+    if not row:
+        return ('Nie znaleziono kontaktu', 404)
+    return render_template('form.html', contact=row)
+
+@app.post('/update')
+def update():
+    try:
+        cid = int(request.form.get('id'))
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return ('Błędny identyfikator', 400)
+    row = db.session.get(Contact, cid)
+    if not row:
+        return ('Nie znaleziono kontaktu', 404)
+    name = (request.form.get('name') or '').strip()
+    email = (request.form.get('email') or '').strip()
+    phone = (request.form.get('phone') or '').strip()
+    if not name:
+        return render_template('form.html', contact={'id': cid, 'name': name, 'email': email, 'phone': phone}, error='Imię i nazwisko jest wymagane.')
+    row.name = name
+    row.email = email or None
+    row.phone = phone or None
+    db.session.commit()
+    return redirect(url_for('index'), code=303)
+
+@app.post('/delete')
+def delete():
+    try:
+        cid = int(request.form.get('id'))
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return ('Błędny identyfikator', 400)
+    row = db.session.get(Contact, cid)
+    if not row:
+        return ('Nie znaleziono kontaktu', 404)
+    db.session.delete(row)
+    db.session.commit()
+    return redirect(url_for('index'), code=303)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    app.run(debug=True)

requirements.txt

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+blinker==1.9.0
+click==8.3.0
+Flask==3.1.2
+Flask-SQLAlchemy==3.1.1
+greenlet==3.2.4
+itsdangerous==2.2.0
+Jinja2==3.1.6
+MarkupSafe==3.0.3
+SQLAlchemy==2.0.43
+typing_extensions==4.15.0
+Werkzeug==3.1.3

static/style.css

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+body{
+    font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Noto Sans,sans-serif;
+    max-width:900px;
+    margin:2rem auto;
+    padding:0 1rem;
+    background:#fff
+}
+
+header{
+    display:flex;
+    justify-content:space-between;
+    align-items:center;
+    margin-bottom:1rem
+}
+
+nav a{margin-right:.5rem}
+
+table{
+    border-collapse:collapse;
+    width:100%
+}
+
+th,td{
+    border:1px solid #ddd;
+    padding:.5rem
+}
+
+th{
+    background:#f6f8fa;
+    text-align:left
+}
+tr:nth-child(even){
+    background:#fafbfc
+}
+
+.btn{
+    display:inline-block;
+    padding:.35rem .6rem;
+    border:1px solid #888;
+    border-radius:.4rem;
+    text-decoration:none
+}
+.btn.primary{
+    background:#0a7;
+    color:#fff;
+    border-color:#0a7
+}
+.btn.warn{
+    background:#e33;
+    color:#fff;
+    border-color:#e33
+}
+input[type=text], input[type=email]{
+    width:100%;
+    padding:.4rem;
+    border:1px solid #bbb;
+    border-radius:.35rem
+}
+
+form .row{
+    display:grid;
+    grid-template-columns:150px 1fr;
+    gap:.5rem;
+    margin:.4rem 0
+}
+footer{
+    margin-top:2rem;
+    color:#666;
+    font-size:.9rem
+}
+.alert{
+    padding:.5rem .6rem;
+    background:#eef9ff;
+    border:1px solid #b5def7;
+    border-radius:.35rem;
+    margin:.6rem 0
+}
+.actions{display:flex;gap:.4rem}
+.actions form{display:inline}

templates/base.html

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+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="pl">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+<title>{% block title %}Książka adresowa{% endblock %}</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='style.css') }}">
+</head>
+<body>
+<header>
+<h1><a href="{{ url_for('index') }}">Książka adresowa</a></h1>
+<nav>
+<a class="btn primary" href="{{ url_for('new') }}">+ Dodaj kontakt</a>
+</nav>
+</header>
+
+{% if error %}
+<div class="alert">{{ error }}</div>
+{% endif %}
+
+<main>
+{% block content %}{% endblock %}
+</main>
+
+<footer>WMT - CRUD - Flask - SQLAlchemy ORM - SQLite</footer>
+</body>
+</html>

templates/form.html

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+{% extends 'base.html' %}
+{% block title %}{{ 'Edycja' if contact and (contact.id if contact is not mapping else contact.get('id')) else 'Nowy' }} kontakt{% endblock %}
+{% block content %}
+{% set cid = (contact.id if contact and contact is not mapping else (contact.get('id') if contact else None)) %}
+<form method="post" action="{{ url_for('update' if cid else 'create') }}">
+{% if cid %}
+<input type="hidden" name="id" value="{{ cid }}">
+{% endif %}
+<div class="row">
+<label>Imię i nazwisko</label>
+<input type="text" name="name" value="{{ (contact.name if contact and contact is not mapping else (contact['name'] if contact else ''))|e }}" required>
+</div>
+<div class="row">
+<label>Email</label>
+<input type="email" name="email" value="{{ (contact.email if contact and contact is not mapping else (contact['email'] if contact else ''))|e }}">
+</div>
+<div class="row">
+<label>Telefon</label>
+<input type="text" name="phone" value="{{ (contact.phone if contact and contact is not mapping else (contact['phone'] if contact else ''))|e }}">
+</div>
+<p>
+<button class="btn primary" type="submit">Zapisz</button>
+<a class="btn" href="{{ url_for('index') }}">Anuluj</a>
+</p>
+</form>
+{% endblock %}

templates/index.html

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+{% extends 'base.html' %}
+{% block title %}Lista kontaktów{% endblock %}
+{% block content %}
+<table>
+<tr><th>ID</th><th>Imię i nazwisko</th><th>Email</th><th>Telefon</th><th>Akcje</th></tr>
+{% if contacts %}
+{% for c in contacts %}
+<tr>
+<td>{{ c.id }}</td>
+<td>{{ c.name }}</td>
+<td>{{ c.email or '' }}</td>
+<td>{{ c.phone or '' }}</td>
+<td class="actions">
+<a class="btn" href="{{ url_for('edit', cid=c.id) }}">Edytuj</a>
+<form method="post" action="{{ url_for('delete') }}" onsubmit="return confirm('Usunąć?');">
+<input type="hidden" name="id" value="{{ c.id }}">
+<button class="btn warn" type="submit">Usuń</button>
+</form>
+</td>
+</tr>
+{% endfor %}
+{% else %}
+<tr><td colspan="5"><i>Brak adresów</i></td></tr>
+{% endif %}
+</table>
+{% endblock %}